My Reflections Week 4

Topic 3 : Philosophical Foundation Of Curriculum

In this topics are related to the philosophies that underlie the curriculum, beginning in the making, creating and developing curricula. According to John Goodland was described philosophical is a beginning point in curriculum decision making and the basis for all subsequent decision regarding curriculum. Through by Tylers view of philosophy in relationship to school purpose. School purpose is included as studies of learners, use of philosophy, use of psychology of learning, studies of contemporary life and also as suggestions from the subject specialists.  There are four major of philosophies which is idealism, realism, pragmatism and existentialism.

Four Major Of Philosophies

1) Idealism

- Considered oldest philosophies which this philosophies is a highest aim that search for the truth and values that will stand the test of time. Idealism is more about truth and values which is absolute, timeless and universal, and also believe in reasons. This philosophies also sharing idea and great work that are universal. Idealist also put a lot of focus on lecture, discussion and imitation. Idealism is more of teaching approach and lecturer centered.

2) Realism                                                                                                                

- Realism is realists highly recommended the use of scientific investigation and senses in order to learn. It is more making decision and view from the realistic and also focus on the physical world, arguing that reality, knowledge and value exist independent of the mind. Student learn from the  direct approach which is that exercise the mind and that cultivate rational thought are stressed. The realism curriculum  is also includes reading, writing, arithmatic, ethical, political, economic thought and has organized separate subject.

3) Pragmatism 

- Focus on the ideas of change which is believe that knowing represents an exchange between the learners and the environment. Pragmatism is also believe that truth and values are always changing because the people who are have those values change with the surrounding environment. Then, pragmatists thought the most important thing for schools to teach is how to question, what we know and how to reconstruct what we know to match the changing world. There is also more carefully on solving problems and less on large amount of information. The pragmatism curriculum is views teaching as more exploratory than explanatory which is exploratory give chance to student get more information and learn a new knowledge from their experience from the exploratory, but with explanatory is only explanation and so limited information or image student can get from the learning approach.

4) Existentialism

- This philosophies is more stress in individualism and personal self fulfillment. The philosophies is prefer to free learner to choose what to study and determine what is truth. Reality is determine by an individuals experiences and choices create a uniquely personal worldview and effect their perception of reality and recognized few standards, customs or traditions. Student will have chances  on make decision on their life and can define themselves through how they live their lives. The existentialism curriculum is included consists of experiences and subjects that lend themselves to philosophical dialogue and acts of choice making literature, drama, film making and art. The classroom would be provides more materials for the experimentation, methods and media.

Educational Philosophies

Educational Philosophies	Basic of Philosophies	Aim of Philosophies	Knowledge of Philosophies	Role of Teacher
Perennialism	Realism	To educate the rational person	Focus on past and permanent	Helps students to think rationales.
Essentialism	Realism and idealism	To promote intellectual growth and educates the competent person.	Essentials skill, master of concepts and principles	Authority in the field
Progressivism	Pragmatism	To provide democratic, social living	Growth and development, living learning process, focus on active and relevant learning.	Guide student -          Based on student interest
Reconstructism	Pragmatism	To improve and construct society.	Education for change and social reform.	Agent of change and reform through case study, involve student for social responsibilities. -          Social research methods -

My Reflection for week 3

My Reflection For Week 3 In Curriculum & Pedagogy

Topic 2: Roles of Curriculum Workers

In the third week of learning Curriculum and Pedagogy, I have learnt the topic roles of curriculum workers. Through this topic, I have been able to identify the individuals and groups involved in planning, formulating and implementing the curriculum curriculum curriculum practitioners and curriculum disseminates. Curriculum practitioners is includes of curriculum teachers and school administrators. While there are also curriculum disseminates, curriculum evaluators, curriculum advocates, curriculum developers,and also curriculum theories. Curriculum workers are also work on curriculum engage in many different types of endeavors. Curriculum workers is also about the curriculum had the first time approach that appeared both comprehensive and workable.

  

A) Curriculum Practitioner

Curriculum practitioners is associated with those who are expert in education in designing, formulating and implementing the curriculum.  Curriculum teacher is a person who acts to implement curriculum in classroom which is the presentation has been applied directly or in the form of books such as textbooks and also through activities. Then, the school administrators is have a role to 

acts as a team teaching and ensure every curriculum implemented continuously and evaluate the appropriate activity and also determine the good approach to achieve the outcomes of activity which provided.

                                    
Curriculum teachers                                            School Administrators

B) Curriculum Disseminators 

Curriculum disseminators is make known to curriculum practitioners which is curriculum designed and implemented properly, and opinion about the methods they use to. Curriculum disseminator is also as the existence of a network that spread the curriculum.

•  Curriculum Evaluator

- Curriculum evaluator which is that have historically as rich as education. The evaluation concept is so comprehensive that contains several evaluation. The roles of curriculum evaluator is to collect, an examine  and also to assess data for the purpose of reporting on the effectiveness of the curriculum, efficiency of curriculum and worth of the endeavors creations of the other curriculum workers.

• Curriculum Advocates

-  This group of curriculum advocates includes educators and members of the general  public who are concerned about and attempt to influence what is taught in schools and how if is taught. Curriculum advocates is did not involved in teaching but involved in change the policies which appropriate in education such as governors, legislator or president.

• Curriculum Developers

- This group is focus on intentionally create curriculum materials and strategies for others to use in the instructional arena for others to use such as National Standard Curriculum Preschool (KSPK) which is all of teachers can use the KSPK to teaching method.

• Curriculum Theories

- This group is acts in improve curriculum every time which is evaluate and enhance the curriculum that implemented by the teachers.

Teachers as developers which plan what teacher want to teach and how to teach and also determine why teach in this way. There is about how to achieve the outcomes of teaching and learning in the classroom.

In overall, the role of the curriculum workers are includes to coordinate of curriculum planning and development. Then, roles of the curriculum workers is also to define and apply of curriculum theory. Beside that,  curriculum workers is also acts  to design and apply of curriculum research and also act to provision of aid in filling service. Despite curriculum workers having a variety of different roles, but they also have a same objectives which is to achieve the outcomes of education and evaluate the curriculum appropriate that meet the needs of more competence.

MY Reflection (week 2)

 My Reflection For Week 2 In Curriculum & Pedagogy

Definition of Curriculum 

On the early topic in learning Curriculum and Pedagogy, that has been discussed about the definition of Curriculum and Pedagogy. Curriculum often associated with Pedagogy but as I have understood, curriculum is means the plan or program curriculum implemented to achieve the objectives. Curriculum is about what the appropriate activity, materials and it is also determine the objective of the activity. While for pedagogy also, as I understand it is about the appropriate approach to be used in the curriculum implemented. Teacher should determine how to carry out the activity.

Definition of Pedagogy           

While for pedagogy also, as I understand it is about the appropriate approach to be used in the curriculum implemented. Teacher should determine how to carry out the activity. This is about the strategies which want to implement for student and must identify the students need and interest. Every student have a different ability, maybe have children with special needs. For that, as a teacher which have a responsibility to conduct with the appropriate ways or suitable approach.

Through learning that I have learned about curriculum and pedagogy in fact there are many things that need to be understood. not only know but need to know the history of the definition of the curriculum, as well as the involvement of certain parties in creating, designing and laying out the curriculum. Therefore, I need more effort to understand the subject curriculum and pedagogy is very important especially for teachers who will educate the nation's children in order to achieve the objectives of the national education philosophy.
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