My Reflections Week 4

Topic 3 : Philosophical Foundation Of Curriculum

In this topics are related to the philosophies that underlie the curriculum, beginning in the making, creating and developing curricula. According to John Goodland was described philosophical is a beginning point in curriculum decision making and the basis for all subsequent decision regarding curriculum. Through by Tylers view of philosophy in relationship to school purpose. School purpose is included as studies of learners, use of philosophy, use of psychology of learning, studies of contemporary life and also as suggestions from the subject specialists.  There are four major of philosophies which is idealism, realism, pragmatism and existentialism.

Four Major Of Philosophies

1) Idealism

- Considered oldest philosophies which this philosophies is a highest aim that search for the truth and values that will stand the test of time. Idealism is more about truth and values which is absolute, timeless and universal, and also believe in reasons. This philosophies also sharing idea and great work that are universal. Idealist also put a lot of focus on lecture, discussion and imitation. Idealism is more of teaching approach and lecturer centered.

2) Realism                                                                                                                

- Realism is realists highly recommended the use of scientific investigation and senses in order to learn. It is more making decision and view from the realistic and also focus on the physical world, arguing that reality, knowledge and value exist independent of the mind. Student learn from the  direct approach which is that exercise the mind and that cultivate rational thought are stressed. The realism curriculum  is also includes reading, writing, arithmatic, ethical, political, economic thought and has organized separate subject.

3) Pragmatism 

- Focus on the ideas of change which is believe that knowing represents an exchange between the learners and the environment. Pragmatism is also believe that truth and values are always changing because the people who are have those values change with the surrounding environment. Then, pragmatists thought the most important thing for schools to teach is how to question, what we know and how to reconstruct what we know to match the changing world. There is also more carefully on solving problems and less on large amount of information. The pragmatism curriculum is views teaching as more exploratory than explanatory which is exploratory give chance to student get more information and learn a new knowledge from their experience from the exploratory, but with explanatory is only explanation and so limited information or image student can get from the learning approach.

4) Existentialism

- This philosophies is more stress in individualism and personal self fulfillment. The philosophies is prefer to free learner to choose what to study and determine what is truth. Reality is determine by an individuals experiences and choices create a uniquely personal worldview and effect their perception of reality and recognized few standards, customs or traditions. Student will have chances  on make decision on their life and can define themselves through how they live their lives. The existentialism curriculum is included consists of experiences and subjects that lend themselves to philosophical dialogue and acts of choice making literature, drama, film making and art. The classroom would be provides more materials for the experimentation, methods and media.

Educational Philosophies

Educational Philosophies	Basic of Philosophies	Aim of Philosophies	Knowledge of Philosophies	Role of Teacher
Perennialism	Realism	To educate the rational person	Focus on past and permanent	Helps students to think rationales.
Essentialism	Realism and idealism	To promote intellectual growth and educates the competent person.	Essentials skill, master of concepts and principles	Authority in the field
Progressivism	Pragmatism	To provide democratic, social living	Growth and development, living learning process, focus on active and relevant learning.	Guide student -          Based on student interest
Reconstructism	Pragmatism	To improve and construct society.	Education for change and social reform.	Agent of change and reform through case study, involve student for social responsibilities. -          Social research methods -