Reflection week 5

Reflection for Week 5 in Topic 4:

Psychological Foundation of Curriculum

 From the topic 4, I was learned about the psychological foundation of the curriculum which is more related with how people learn. It is also a question on why do learners respond, what are the impact of cultural experiences on student learning, who should organized the curriculum to enhance student learning and also about what impact does the school have on students learning culture. All of the question is was discussed by the three major theories of learning. There are include of  behaviorist psychology, cognitive psychology, and phenomenological & humanistic psychology.

1) Behaviorist Psychology

 Thorndike was founded which is focus his work on testing the relationship between a stimulus and a response. Behavior that has a strengthening treatment will make it into something familiar. John Watson states learning was based on the science of behavior, what was observable on measurable and not on cognitive processes. Behavioral psychology is also describes five of learning outcomes that can be observed and measured which enclose all the domains of learning such as intellectual skills, information, cognitive strategies, motor skills and attitudes. 

2) Cognitive Psychology

• Jean Piaget       

- Presuppose a maturation process in the sense that detriment is a continuation and is based on previous growth. The first learning stages is assimilation which is the incorporation of new experiences into existing experiences. Then,in the accommodation stage is children learning the existing cognitive structures are modified and adapted in response to his or her environment. On the equilibration stage is the process of achieving balance between those things that were previously understood and those yet to be understand.                                                                   

 

• Taylor's Methods of organizing learning experiences:

1) Continuity - learning process must ongoing

2) Sequence   - learning process from simple to medium then to complex

3) Integration - learning process is refers  to relationship of curriculum experiences which is include more strand such as teach in language subject but it is also integrated with the early science and math subject.

• The process of learning suggested by Bruner

1) Acquisition        - related on Jean Piaget which is the grasping of new information.

2) Transformation  - the individuals capacity to process information and to go beyond it such 

                                  as children know how to do something and teach others.

3) Evaluation          - the determination of whether information has been processed in a way

                                  that renders it appropriate for dealing with particular

• Lawrence Kohlberg

1) Preconvention level    - Children have not yet develop a sense of right or wrong

2) Conventional level      - Children are concerned about what other people think of them

2) Post convention level  - Children morality is based on what people feel or on their perception 

                                           of authority.

• Vygotsky ( Zone of Proximal Development)

3) Phenomenological and humanistic psychology

• Goleman  - developed emotional intelligence, interpersonal intelligence &                                                      intrapersonal intelligence. Constructivism, problem solving & creative thinking
• Deweys                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
• James Conant   - defines the problem solving approach as a series of 6 steps which is recognizing the problem, formulating objective, collecting relevant information, hypothesis, deducing from hypothesis and the last step is using test by actual trial.                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
• Maslows

During my class, our lecture give task which is find out more about the behaviorist theory of learning, Jean Piaget stage of cognitive development, Lawrence Kohlberg, Vygotsky, Howard Gardner and Maslow theory of human need hierarchy. This task is important for student to understand more about the theories and it is also give me to find out what the appropriate theory should I apply in our assignment which is design our own curriculum. After that, my friend and I was discuss our assignment group.